Ryan Social Control Spring 2006 SOC112 Home
Apology



Black says that conciliatory social control is that which focuses on repairing relationships.  Apology, which is associated with atonement, contrition, mercy, reconciliation, and pardon, to name just a few, is a reaction to rule breaking, but it is different from the reactions we have talked about before.  It is, primarily first person (though it can be demanded by second parties or required by third parties).  It is important, it seems, in allowing the social world to continue after a norm is violated.  Unlike other forms of social control it is primarily discursive and non-material.  Today we'll try to come to an understanding of how apologies work, why they are important, and when they tend to be employed in response to rule violations.

Recommend Reading
  1. Selections from Mea Culpa: A Sociology of Apology by Nicholas Tavuchis (handout)
  2. Listen to "Apology and Reconciliation" on The State of Things (North Carolina Public Radio 6/7/2005) [http://www.ibiblio.org/wunc_archives/sot/index.php?p=250]
  3. Tannen, Deborah. "Apologies: What It Means to Say 'Sorry'." Washington Post, August 23, 1998. Available online at [http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/tannend/post082398.htm]
  4. Tannen, D. "I'm Sorry, I Won't Apologise" New York Times Magazine, July 21, 1996. Available online at [http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/tannend/nyt072196.htm]
  5. Marvin B. Scott; Stanford M. Lyman.  1968.  "Accounts."  American Sociological Review Vol. 33, No. 1 (Feb., 1968), pp. 46-62. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1224%28196802%2933%3A1%3C46%3AA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M]
  6. Gresham M. Sykes; David Matza. 1957.  "Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency." American Sociological Review > Vol. 22, No. 6 (Dec., 1957), pp. 664-670 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-1224%28195712%2922%3A6%3C664%3ATONATO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H ]
  7. Nagy, Rosemary.  2004.  T"he Ambiguities of Reconciliation and Responsibility in South Africa."  Political Studies, Dec 2004, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p709, 19p [http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&an=15349282]
Optional Reading
  1. Tutu, D. (1999). No Future without Forgiveness.. London: Random House.
  2. Patel, Ameeta; Reinsch, Lamar.     "Companies Can Apologize: Corporate Apologies and Legal Liability."  Business Communication Quarterly; v66 n1 p9-25 Mar 2003
  3. RECONCILIATION VS. REVENGE: SEARCHING FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE course syllabus by Dr Jean-Marie Kamatal @ Kent State University [http://www.kent.edu/cacm/Program/upload/CACM41010_POL40591_002syllabus_S06.rtf]
  4. The Institute for Justice and Reconciliation was launched in May 2000 and is self-consciously located in post-TRC (Truth and Reconciliation Commission) South Africa.
  5. Apology Australia [http://apology.west.net.au/index.html]
  6. Christian apology for the Crusades:The Reconciliation Walk [http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_cru1.htm]
  7. Acknowledgement, Apology and Forgiveness  in the Conflict Transformation and Peacebuilding: A Selected Bibliography by Catherine Morris [http://www.peacemakers.ca/bibliography/bib44forgivenessapology.html]
  8. "Apologising for Serious Wrongdoing: Social, Psychological and Legal Considerations" by Susan Alter, Researcher, Law Commission of Canada.  May 1999.  [http://www.lcc.gc.ca/research_project/ica/pubs/apology/toc-en.asp]
  9. A CIVIL ACTION: IS THERE ROOM FOR APOLOGY IN THE ADVERSARY SYSTEM? by Justyna Herman [http://www.usfca.edu/pj/acivilaction_herman.htm]
  10. Barry R. Schlenker; Bruce W. Darby.  1981. "The Use of Apologies in Social Predicaments."  Social Psychology Quarterly  Vol. 44, No. 3 (Sep., 1981), pp. 271-278.  [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0190-2725%28198109%2944%3A3%3C271%3ATUOAIS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G]